This project aims to investigate the microbial communities of salares –polyextreme wetlands in northern Chile– focusing on their ecological roles and biotechnological potential in the face of increasing lithium extraction. High radiation, temperature extremes, salinity, and limited water inputs shape these ecosystems. Yet, they host diverse microorganisms essential to biogeochemical cycles (C, N, S), climate regulation, and nutrient recycling. The project will assess microbial diversity and functions across spatial and temporal gradients, with six specific objectives: (1) characterise microbial genetic diversity; (2) analyse their roles in greenhouse gas dynamics and climate change; (3) explore biomineralisation and lithium biomining potential; (4) evaluate microbial degradation of plastic pollutants and bioplastics compatibility; (5) identify bioactive compounds; and (6) map microbial ecosystem services to inform policy and sustainable management. The interdisciplinary team comprises researchers from Chilean universities and international collaborators, utilising integrated methods that include in situ environmental monitoring, molecular and isotopic analyses, and advanced chemical profiling. The project will also promote academic development through doctoral programs and public engagement activities targeting local communities, schools, and early-career scientists, with a strong emphasis on gender equity. Overall, it aims to close critical knowledge gaps while contributing to the conservation and strategic use of nature-based solutions in salares.