Antofagasta Bioinnovation Center

This research examines the dual role of the plastisphere –the microbial communities that colonise plastic waste –focusing on its potential as both a biodegradation ally (hero) and a reservoir for harmful microorganisms (villain). Since Zettler et al. coined the term in 2011, studies have revealed that certain microbes could break down plastics like PET, PE, and PP using specialised enzymes such as PETase for PET degradation. These include hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria like Alcanivorax sp., as well as plastic-degrading species such as Ideonella sakaiensis, which is known for its ability to degrade PET. Investigating these biological capacities could support the development of sustainable recycling technologies and the production of more environmentally compatible plastics. On the other hand, plastic debris also serves as a substrate for potentially pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Vibrio, E. coli) and may harbour antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), raising public health concerns. Due to their buoyancy and durability, plastic fragments might facilitate the survival and spread of these microbes in aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to: (i) assess the enzymatic and microbial potential of the plastisphere to degrade both conventional and bio-based polymers, and (ii) determine its capacity to host and disseminate pathogens and antibiotic resistance. The ultimate goal is to contribute to biotechnology-based solutions for plastic pollution and inform evidence-based environmental protection policies.